# examples¶

Example networks and subsystems to go along with the documentation.

pyphi.examples.basic_network()

A simple 3-node network with roughly two bits of $$\Phi$$.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A    |<~~~~+
|     |  (OR)  +~~~+ |
|     +~~~~~~~~+   | |
|                  | |
|                  v |
+~+~~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
|   B    |<~~~~~~+   C   |
| (COPY) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+


TPM:

Past state Current state
A, B, C A, B, C
0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0
1, 0, 0 0, 0, 1
0, 1, 0 1, 0, 1
1, 1, 0 1, 0, 0
0, 0, 1 1, 1, 0
1, 0, 1 1, 1, 1
0, 1, 1 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1 1, 1, 0

Connectivity matrix:

 . A B C A 0 0 1 B 1 0 1 C 1 1 0

Note

$$CM_{i,j} = 1$$ means that node $$i$$ is connected to node $$j$$.

pyphi.examples.basic_subsystem()

A subsystem containing all the nodes of the basic_network().

pyphi.examples.residue_network()

The network for the residue example.

Current and past state are all nodes off.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~+         +~~~~~~~+
|   A   |         |   B   |
+~~>| (AND) |         | (AND) |<~~+
|   +~~~~~~~+         +~~~~~~~+   |
|        ^               ^        |
|        |               |        |
|        +~~~~~+   +~~~~~+        |
|              |   |              |
+~~~+~~~+        +~+~~~+~+        +~~~+~~~+
|   C   |        |   D   |        |   E   |
|       |        |       |        |       |
+~~~~~~~+        +~~~~~~~+        +~~~~~~~+


Connectivity matrix:

 . A B C D E A 0 0 0 0 0 B 0 0 0 0 0 C 1 0 0 0 0 D 1 1 0 0 0 E 0 1 0 0 0
pyphi.examples.residue_subsystem()

The subsystem containing all the nodes of the residue_network().

pyphi.examples.xor_network()

A fully connected system of three XOR gates. In the state (0, 0, 0), none of the elementary mechanisms exist.

Diagram:

+~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+
|   A   +<~~~~~~+   B   |
| (XOR) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
| ^               ^ |
| |   +~~~~~~~+   | |
| +~~~+   C   +~~~+ |
+~~~~>| (XOR) +<~~~~+
+~~~~~~~+


Connectivity matrix:

 . A B C A 0 1 1 B 1 0 1 C 1 1 0
pyphi.examples.xor_subsystem()

The subsystem containing all the nodes of the xor_network().

pyphi.examples.cond_depend_tpm()

A system of two general logic gates A and B such if they are in the same state they stay the same, but if they are in different states, they flip with probability 50%.

Diagram:

+~~~~~+         +~~~~~+
|  A  |<~~~~~~~~+  B  |
|     +~~~~~~~~>|     |
+~~~~~+         +~~~~~+


TPM:

 (0, 0) (1, 0) (0, 1) (1, 1) (0, 0) 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (1, 0) 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 (0, 1) 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 (1, 1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Connectivity matrix:

 . A B A 0 1 B 1 0
pyphi.examples.cond_independ_tpm()

A system of three general logic gates A, B and C such that: if A and B are in the same state then they stay the same; if they are in different states, they flip if C is ON and stay the same if C is OFF; and C is ON 50% of the time, independent of the previous state.

Diagram:

+~~~~~+         +~~~~~+
|  A  +~~~~~~~~>|  B  |
|     |<~~~~~~~~+     |
+~+~~~+         +~~~+~+
| ^             ^ |
| |   +~~~~~+   | |
| ~~~~+  C  +~~~+ |
+~~~~>|     |<~~~~+
+~~~~~+


TPM:

 (0, 0, 0) (1, 0, 0) (0, 1, 0) (1, 1, 0) (0, 0, 1) (1, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1) (0, 0, 0) 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 (1, 0, 0) 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 (0, 1, 0) 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 (1, 1, 0) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 (0, 0, 1) 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 (1, 0, 1) 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 (0, 1, 1) 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 (1, 1, 1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Connectivity matrix:

 . A B C A 0 1 0 B 1 0 0 C 1 1 0
pyphi.examples.propagation_delay_network()

A version of the primary example from the IIT 3.0 paper with deterministic COPY gates on each connection. These copy gates essentially function as propagation delays on the signal between OR, AND and XOR gates from the original system.

The current and past states of the network are also selected to mimic the corresponding states from the IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

                                  +----------+
+---------------------+ C (COPY) +<---------------------+
V                     +----------+                      |
+----------+--+                                                 +--+----------+
|             |                  +----------+                   |             |
|   A (OR)    +----------------->+ B (COPY) +------------------>+   D (XOR)   |
|             |                  +----------+                   |             |
+--+-------+--+                                                 +--+-------+--+
|       ^                                                       ^       |
|       |                                                       |       |
|       |   +----------+                        +----------+    |       |
|       +---+ H (COPY) +<-------+      +------->+ F (COPY) +----+       |
|           +----------+        |      |        +----------+            |
|                               |      |                                |
|                            +--+------+--+                             |
|           +----------+     |            |     +----------+            |
+---------->+ I (COPY) +---->|  G (AND)   |<----+ E (COPY) +<-----------+
+----------+     |            |     +----------+
+----------- +


Connectivity matrix:

 . A B C D E F G H I A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 B 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 C 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 F 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 G 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 H 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

States:

In the IIT 3.0 paper example, the past state of the system has only the XOR gate on. For the propagation delay network, this corresponds to a state of (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).

The current state of the IIT 3.0 example has only the OR gate on. By advancing the propagation delay system two time steps, the current state (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) is achieved, with corresponding past state (0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0).

pyphi.examples.macro_network()

A network of micro elements which has greater integrated information after coarse graining to a macro scale.

pyphi.examples.macro_subsystem()
pyphi.examples.fig1a()

The network shown in Figure 1A of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

pyphi.examples.fig3a()

The network shown in Figure 3A of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

pyphi.examples.fig3b()

The network shown in Figure 3B of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

pyphi.examples.fig3c()

The network shown in Figure 3C of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

pyphi.examples.fig4()

The network shown in Figure 4 of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A   |<~~~~+
| +~~~+ (OR)  +~~~+ |
| |   +~~~~~~~+   | |
| |               | |
| v               v |
+~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
|   B   |<~~~~~~+   C   |
| (AND) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+

pyphi.examples.fig5a()

The network shown in Figure 5A of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

         +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A   |<~~~~+
|     | (AND) |     |
|     +~~~~~~~+     |
|                   |
+~~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~~+
|    B   |<~~~~~~+   C    |
| (COPY) +~~~~~~>| (COPY) |
+~~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~~+

pyphi.examples.fig5b()

The network shown in Figure 5B of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

         +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~+   A   +~~~~+
|    | (AND) |    |
|    +~~~~~~~+    |
v                 v
+~~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~~+
|    B   |<~~~~~~+   C    |
| (COPY) +~~~~~~>| (COPY) |
+~~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~~+

pyphi.examples.fig14()

The network shown in Figure 1A of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

pyphi.examples.fig16()

The network shown in Figure 5B of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

pyphi.examples.fig10()

The network shown in Figure 4 of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A   |<~~~~+
| +~~~+ (OR)  +~~~+ |
| |   +~~~~~~~+   | |
| |               | |
| v               v |
+~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
|   B   |<~~~~~~+   C   |
| (AND) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+

pyphi.examples.fig6()

The network shown in Figure 4 of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A   |<~~~~+
| +~~~+ (OR)  +~~~+ |
| |   +~~~~~~~+   | |
| |               | |
| v               v |
+~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
|   B   |<~~~~~~+   C   |
| (AND) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+

pyphi.examples.fig8()

The network shown in Figure 4 of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A   |<~~~~+
| +~~~+ (OR)  +~~~+ |
| |   +~~~~~~~+   | |
| |               | |
| v               v |
+~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
|   B   |<~~~~~~+   C   |
| (AND) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+

pyphi.examples.fig9()

The network shown in Figure 4 of the 2014 IIT 3.0 paper.

Diagram:

        +~~~~~~~+
+~~~~>|   A   |<~~~~+
| +~~~+ (OR)  +~~~+ |
| |   +~~~~~~~+   | |
| |               | |
| v               v |
+~+~~~~~+       +~~~~~+~+
|   B   |<~~~~~~+   C   |
| (AND) +~~~~~~>| (XOR) |
+~~~~~~~+       +~~~~~~~+